The Constitution of the Local Church
1. Introduction
It can be assumed that not many evangelical church going believers know fully the vast importance of a church constitution. It would be safe to say that churches of all kinds of denominations have their specific style on running what is known as “the church.” One range of leadership would be known as the Autocratic type leader who just simply runs the show at the snap of the finger and everything under the sun. According to this leader, everything must pass by him and be approved by his authority. There is the democratic type leadership that has more of a delegating side to it with other people getting involved in the leadership. And lastly there is Laissaz-Faire leadership, which just takes it easy and goes with the flow form all options of the congregation. With these different types of leadership defined, which one should a Christian fall under? Does the bible give specific structure to the leadership of the church? What about all the others important functions of the church? How should those be carried out? Concerning leadership, the different roles within the church, and all the functions of the church, the importance of having a road map to direct through all the specific and different functions of a church is paramount; this is where a constitution comes into play. Is having a church constitution necessarily found as a given structure presented in the early church? No, but as time has passed by and the church has moved and matured down through the years, a constitution better amplifies where ‘“God’s Word admonishes us to”’ let all things be done DECENTLY and in ORDER” (I Corinthians 14:40) (Jackson, 184). The only way for order to be accomplished is for people to agree in advance on what is to be done, when it is to be done, and how it is to be done. When the church organizes itself on paper, the resulting document is known as a ‘church constitution”’ (McNamara, 4).
2. What is a church constitution?
A church constitution is as organized document that clearly specifies the churches purpose, beliefs, convictions, leadership, order of business (especially concerning finances), amendments & bylaws, and member expectations and responsibilities. This document greatly benefits the leadership and the membership for it should clearly state the direction in which the church is moving. There is no clear reference in the bible, concerning the establishment of the church, that there needed to be some sort of constitution for the church to follow, but as the church grew from the time that Jesus Christ established it, clarification, communication, and organization has been a desperate need in local church ministry. A church constitution is in no way an addition to the format of what Christ established in His church, but more of a clarification and relation to the present culture. “In its simplest form a church constitution contains the agreed-upon principles that outline how the church will function. It sets forth the rules, regulations and requirements for membership and leadership. It describes the administrative procedures by which the church is to be conducted” (McNamara, 5)
3. Why is a Constitution needed?
There are several reasons that can be discussed on why a church constitution is needed, but one seems of vital importance, and that is for the unity of the body of believers in the local church. Paul R. Jackson, in his book The Doctrine and Administration of the Church, makes a statement that goes along with the purpose of the constitution being used to unify the church, in saying, “Clarity on this point is essential to internal harmony” (183). In relation to unity, the constitution takes the Word of God and the principals found in it to orderly construct this constituting document for the purpose of clear direction.
“A church is a body of believers organized for worshiping God, evangelizing the lost, and discipling believers. When a church develops a constitution, it helps clarify its purpose, provides the foundation for building an effective church, and defines its structure,” and also gives members, and potential members, a better understanding of what the church is about and how it functions”(Enrichment). Understanding the value of a written document that clearly describes the basic framework of the church makes drafting the constitution a much easier and more rewarding experience (Enrichment).
As already stated previously, the God of the Bible is a God of order and not of confusion, which can be easily observed throughout His creation and in the revelation of His Word (Jackson, 183). In 1 Corinthians 14:40, God has commanded His children to do everything decently and in order, and with that understanding, “a constitution, if drawn up wisely and prayerfully, is a major step toward order and decency in the conduct of a church” (184). In the order of the functioning of the church, business is one major aspect in why a constitution is needed, and for that reason a constitution for church ministry provides, and should provide, proper Biblical, ethical, and orderly methods of business procedure (184). But along with business and other church related items that should be included in the constitution (i.e. the theological stance of that local church, the different aspects of church discipline, identification of the authority structure), the constitution itself will save the church a lot of confusion and hassle when the controversial issues arise (and they will arise). Having a church constitution brings order to the functioning of the church and presents the direction of the church so that there is no confusion.
But one of the major tentative problems in this area is that “many churches have ignored their constitution through the years; thus no one knows where a copy can be found, or if one ever existed” (184). Another problematic reality, which has personally been experienced, is that of the constitution not being revised for a couple of years. When this happens, the constitution ceases to relate to the current issues of the church, or that the older constitution was drawn up by older leaders who were not baptistic. Another issue would be that the doctrine is in error of the current beliefs of the current pastor (184).
For an example, if a Man of God takes on a church and does not pay close attention to the current constitution and moves in the direction where God leads that church so that when it comes to a point where there needs to be a important decision made, there might be trouble if the pastor did not pay attention to the constitution, he might find himself very limited in what changes he can make in the church, and unknowingly back himself into a corner not being able to move forward with his vision of the church. One of those reasons of checking the constitution very early in the ministry of that church is because it is a legal document. What had been written down is what was approved by the state of that church and cannot be acted against unless the church makes the necessary changes; which is not always an easy affair. As an example to put this concept in a clearer light, in the constitution of a cretin baptistic church, there is a very important issue that needs to be made but the ruling of the constitution is holding the church back form making such an important decision. The issue in their constitution lies under Article 5, which reads “Membership and Discipline.” The issue resides under section E that relates to church Membership Termination. The section reads:
E. Termination of Membership
Termination of membership may transpire in the following ways:
1) Death (no church action required).
2) Discipline
3) Departure (by request). Any member (except a member under discipline), upon presentation of a written request to the membership, and upon a majority vote of the members present and voting, will be dropped from the membership.
In this instance here, these three options are the only ones for the termination of individuals from the membership of the church. Here is the potential problem. A member of the church has the legal right to vote in the church (the constitution does not say anywhere the member must be a faithful member). On the register of this churches membership, there are a great number of inactive members. So what happens when there is dissention in the church, and those who are causing the dissension need a majority vote from the congregation to get there their way; could not they just rally up the all their friends who are inactive members to show up at the business meeting to get the numbered vote that they need? This is a very sticky situation and can be avoided if proper preparation is taken into action.
All in answering the question, “why is a church constitution needed?” solutions to problems, such as the one stated above, can be addressed and dealt with before they arise up in conflict, and thus moving on as an church in a more formative ordered organization. With this particular situation, there is a very simple solution that can be, and should be, inserted in any church constitution. The procedure for discontinuing inactive members membership should be clearly presented in the constitution. The procedure would consist of the Pastor (with the deacons) yearly reviewing the membership role, and if there are unfaithful members who habitually miss church (clearly stated that they are not showing up at church at all), they (buy review and vote of the congregation – along with the deacons and pastor) should put the unfaithful members on a inactive list (Jackson, 188-189). The constitution should clearly specify that the inactive members are not aloud to vote or have any role in the church, all the wile the pastor and deacons should be trying to consult the inactive members as to why they are not in church and present efforts in restoring them (189). When a year passes by, and the members are sill not reluctant in returning to the church, then the pastor and deacons should bring the inactive members names to the congregation for a vote in dropping the inactive members from the membership (189).
In conclusion of this situation in understanding why a constitution is important, members of the local church are to have purpose and being within the church, which is signified in 1 Corinthians 12. There are differences of gifts, there are diversities of administration, but there is order and purpose, which is why making that notion clear in a constitution is so important, and not just in this situation, but as a whole, the church needs order and purpose, and that is why a church constitution is so important (Radmacher, 351).
- 4. What are the contents of a Church Constitution?
The outline of a variety of different constitutions in baptistic circles should look the same for the most part. There are differences, of course, concerning doctrine and the authentication of the leadership amongst baptistic churches, but apart from conviction, the format of the constitution should have many of the same contents. For the formation of the constitution in this particular section, Paul Jackson’s format will be used as a base of direction and further discussion.
The first thing that needs to be considered would be what is known as the Preamble, which basically is the purpose statement of the church. A sample of what a Preamble would look like comes from a local church in North Carolina, which reads, “We, the membership of this church, desiring under God’s blessing to prosper and sustain spiritual growth in our church, to establish ourselves in Christ and Bible centered loyalty, and to enjoy the maximum harmony in all local church endeavors and business procedures, do hereby adopt and set in operation this Constitution and By-laws” (THE CONSTITUTION, 2). The preamble needs to be clear and concise and not loaded with technical theological terms that the simple will have a difficult time in understand without a dictionary.
After the preamble, there should follow several sections of Articles that hold up the entire body of the outlined constitution. Article 1 should include the name of the church as an organization and should state that the church is a non-profit organization, which are required by the law of each state (Jackson, 186). Article 2 is like the preamble but is more concise as it is the actual purpose statement. One of the more challenging things with this Article is communication, because different people see things in different ways, and to communicate the purpose of the church (where many people with diverse opinions will attend) can be a sticky affair (Radmacher, 24).
Article 3 is the section that deals with the different associations of the church. This is another one of those sections that need to be stated clearly. Jackson presets this section in a clear way in saying that the church shall be independent (autonomous) and subject only to Jesus Christ (Eph. 5:21-32) (186). There are many different associations that churches can be affiliated with to bring more accreditation to the convictions of that particular church. For example, there is the Southern Baptist Convention that holds to Baptist Faith & Message which puts them in their particular association (The Baptist Faith). Another association would be the General Association of Regular Baptist (GARBC), which are identified by their historical background in holding fast to their particular convictions (Our Beliefs).
Article 4 is the section where the Church should place their articles of faith or better known as their doctrinal statement. This section should include the church scriptural beliefs on Bibliology (the Bible), Theology Proper (God the Father), Christology (Christ), Pneumatology (the Holy Spirit), Angelology (Angels), Anthropology (Man), Hamartiology (Sin), Soteriology (Salvation), Ecclesiology (The Chruch), Eschatology (End Times). This section must be clearly stated, for this will be, and should be, the basis on which people join your church. If a person does not believe in a pre-tribulation rapture, then there will be discomfort when pre-tribulation rapture is mentioned in the pastor’s sermon.
Article 5 is one of the most essential parts of the constitution for it presents the expectations for each individual member and the responsibilities they may fall under – which is the section of “membership”. This section should deal with how members are received into the “membership and the stipulations that go along with that concerning each individual church (Jackson, 187). Under membership, there should be a section on church discipline for it is vital to the testimony of the church and the glory of the Lord that the church be protected and preserved by purity and a clean testimony (187). This is the section, where stated above, where the being faithful to the church should be implemented. Article 6 should indicate the ordinances that the church are ordered to follow from scripture, which are believer’s baptism and the Lord’s Supper (Matthew 28:19; (Death) Rom. 6:6, (Burial) Rom. 6:4, (Resurrection) Col. 3:1 – I Corinthians 11:28-30).
A larger section of the articles is Article 7, which is dealing with the officers and the boards of the church. There is much diversity when it comes to the convictions concerning the church office and officers. There are those who believe in a single-elder-led church, a Presbytery-led church, the congregational-led church, a Bishop-led church, and the plural-elder-led church (Akin, vii). Along with discussing the role of the pastor and deacons, this section should also include the office of Clerk, Financial Secretary, Treasurer, Bible School (or Sunday School) Superintendent, and Advisory Board (Jackson, 194-197). This section must be clear because there are vast different convictions on this subject.
In brief, Article 8 deals with church committees, 9 with Meetings, 20 with Church Organizations, 11 dealing with the stance the church has in supporting missions, 12 in General dealing with miscellaneous items, and lastly 13 dealing and defining Amendments and the Bylaws, which speaks of the specifics of voting amongst the church members.
- 5. Conclusion
With the vast amount of material covered in a church constitution, it is paramount that the contents stay scriptural and Spirit led. A Church constitution is a legal document that is recognized by the state in informing the intentions of the church, but further more it serves as biblically based document that presents the functions of the church in a organized matter as to answer needed individual questions of those who attend. A church constitution does not in any way supersede the authority of the scripture but it serves as a needed guide towards the format on how the church should function in the lives of individuals and as the a whole.
Works Cited
Akin, Daniel L., Chad Brand, and R. Stanton Norman. Perspectives on Church Government: Five Views of Church Polity. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 2004. Print.
“The Baptist Faith & Message.” Southern Baptist Convention. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://www.sbc.net/bfm/default.asp>.
THE CONSTITUTION OF GRACE BIBLE CHURCH. 9 Apr. 2000. Grace Bible Chruch, Yadkinville, Nc. For information about this church please visit www.gbcyadkinville.org
“Enrichment Journal – Enriching and Equipping Spirit-filled Ministers.” Understanding Your Church’s Constitution and Bylaws. Web. 24 Mar. 2012. <http://enrichmentjournal.ag.org/200304/028_gov01_cb_sb.cfm>.
Jackson, Paul Rainey. The Doctrine and Administration of the Church. Schaumburg, IL: Regular Baptist, 2000. Print.
McNamara, Roger N. “How to Write A Church Constitution.” Baptist Mid-Missions (2006): 1-35. Print.
“Our Beliefs & Constitution – GARBC.” GARBC – General Association of Regular Baptist. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://www.garbc.org/?page_id=21>.
Radmacher, Earl D. What the Church Is All About: A Biblical and Historical Study. Chicago: Moody, 1978. Print.